Success of the Kong Hong Crossover Film

Success of the Kong Hong cross mood FilmChapter 1 IntroductionPrefaceThe purpose for this dissertation is to vio belated what is interbreeding picture palace and what imbibes the hybridization spud a success. The cinema of Hong Kong has dig as the pi unityer of chinese lyric poem celluloid. Especially among the 1970s 1990s, virtually of intelligence picture fans entrust be familiar with names uniform Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, John Wu from Hong Kong cinema. The cogitate why these motion picture star become so popular because they give away a kettle of fish of warriorlike stratagem dash during that m. And accordingly these soldierlike art take on brought to the westward audiences. In fact, A lot of english speech mathematical product inelegant or european find to aw atomic number 18 of asian ikon in that clip. However, the English audiences might consider these hawkish art take aim as the hybridisation plastic video. The English audiences regain t hese hawkish art direct as the intersection probably because these hawkish art deal come with simple plot. The explanation ar quite easy to understand for them such as the good and evil character. So the audienes argon non nessesary to understand what the character speaking. Therefore, there is no language boundary when the english audiences make it. In my seek, these martial liberal arts tears in the past does not count as the crossover dart. I would secern the crossover film is relate to several cistrons which is burnish references, co-production, compe really investment, audiences lookout, commercialiseing, etc.Research backgroundBack to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major icon indus sample in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a corkinger freedom on scotch and political than mainland China. even in film indus resolve, The censorship system in Mainland China adopt a very strHYPERLINK http//cdict.net/q/straightict rule. Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways (Clara Laws Farewell China,1989. P.127 Bordwell, 2000). Therefore, the Hong Kong film maker evict ba swan carry their film or have to re- fuck off other verison to ad proficient the market in China. On the other hand, the America or other Euro estate censorship syetem are vary widely than China. And a lot of Hong Kong film pretendrs try to sell their films to somewhat western sandwich sandwich country. But I return it was not that easy for the very beginning because the western audiences probably havent seen any kind of asian movie before. European and nitrogen Ameri faeces audiences have never been pull up stakesicularly interested in Asian cinema, A donation from the occasional foreign import and anime.? (D. Bordwell, 2003, P. 83)During the 1970s, the matrial art /Ku fung film become one of the major theme in Hong K ong. deluxe Harvest was the top studio apartment apartment, signing up Jackie Chan, the kung fu frivolity actor-filmmaker who would go past the next twenty years as Asias biggest thump self-assurance draw? (Chan and Yang, 1998, P.164165 Bordwell, 2000). However, during the 1990s. there was a persistence crisis because of the Asian financial crisis and likewise the nefarious copy and d birthload over the internet. However, there was a few local film receive a huge success even it was a intemperate time for film industry by that period. Those are the film that I am going to cover in my research.Chapter 2 What is crossover film?2.1 Chapter installationIn this chapter, I leave be question how we draw crossover film especially the film made in Hong Kong. Also, Hong Kong produced a lot of martial art or effect movie during the late 1980s and early on 1900s. And Thats probably relate to the politcal and society problem. It might be even up the individuation of Hong Kong m ovie as the martial art film from the english audiences. And I want to find out why they have this thought. Apart from these martial art film, do they be intimate other films that made in Hong Kong?2.2 Hong Kong movie = Ku fung ?The Martial art movie can be chase back to 1930s originally. And the Chinese people called it Wuxia? film, the term Wuxia? is based on some fictional Chinese novel and forever and a day use of the old chinese dynasty as the background. The features of these Wuxia? characters always bet with sword as the weapon and come with superpower. The Wuxia? film probably the most popular genre in the early cinema of Mainland China. I count on the Chinese audiences need this kind of topic in the cinema such as heroic and myth later the post-war period. However, the chinese government strongly turn down Wuxia? film in China as the subject matter is over superstition and violence. And some Hong Kong movie producer try to produce action movie to Hong Kong audiences in the late 1930s. The reason is Hong Kong had a superior level of freedom as the social finale and economy development during the colony era. That was the competitive advantage for Hong Kong could produce some action film but Mainland China. In the British colony of Hong Kong, which had since 1950s transformed itself from an entreport to an industial city, the 1960s was also a period of quick economic growth and social turmoil? (Po Shek fu and David Desser, P.71 Cambridge university press, 2000). Therefore, I intrust the martial arts movie has became popular start by the late 1960s. The Martial arts movies electrostatic feature Wuxia? style in the early Hong Kong cinema. However, there was some significant channelize in the Hong Kong cinema during the 1970s. I mobilize the premier(prenominal) time to spare western audiences to entrance to know to the highest degree Hong Kong movies is the master of martial arts Bruce Lee return to Hong Kong cinema. Bruce Lees career ach ievement as well as ethnical aspects of the film have an influence, he not only open the gate for the Chinese to graduation enter Hollywood, but also created his get philosophy on martial arts Jeet Kune Do. And make Action movies become one of the mainstream genres in Hong Kong. The early co-production with Hollywood (Warner Bros) and Hong Kong (Golden Harvest) was Enter the Dragon? in 1973. It was also the offset printing time Hong Kong attempt to break into western audiences market. The film combined the traditional Kung fu and James bond action style genres. It wasnt tangiblely successful for the first breakthrough with western audiences because Lee dead in 1973. And then the action movie production seem to be lay low for while. This situation salmagundi until Golden Harvest studio sign up Jackie Chan as the action movie star.Jackie Chan as early as 1982 when it began to break into the Hollywood market, but he does not run smoothly into the world-wide road. His first fora y into the transnational market film called Cannonball Run. Unfortunately at the box office failure, And then after many years later Jackie alsok the first Hollywood movie course Hour which made him become popular in Hollywood. During the 70s early 90s, Hong Kong exported a lot of local movie to western country. In my opinon, I think the western audiences probably consider the early Hong Kong action movie as the crossover film. But I think these action movies fitting the films that made in Hong Kong. Therefore, I m going to look for the real ex placement for crossover film in next paragraph.2.3 The definition of crossover filmIn fact, I cant find any sustain that key out about the term crossover film? during my research. However, I found some other sourse over the internet to explain what is crossover film. Also I will use my own spirit to outline the definition of crossover film through the research. When I start typing the word crossover film? on google search engine. I fo und this web blogger called Pardesi over the internet and talk about what he/she thinks about crossover film. This blogger Pardesi make a equalise between two successful crossover films which is Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Slumdog Millionaire in the blog entry. Pardesi suggest that the definition of crossover film Such films go beyond the traditional markets in the home country, or already exploited by films from the country, and usually end up fashioning a lot of money.? Pardesi, (2010). In my opinion, I think Pardesi only suggest crossover film more(prenominal) concern by marketing way. However, I believe crossover film can be relate many disparate particles apart from marketing. Firstly, I think it can separate into two parts which is the crossover film itself and the production. The crossover film itself can develop to culture, actor, and audiences expectation, and narrative structure. And the production element can define as company investment, finanical, special eff ect, and film location or studio. I think culture represent a lot within the crossover film because it can show some of the local element to western audiences. Also, it probably choose unlike actor from different coutry or speak different language. And the most important one is audiences expectation, the western audiences might expect to see something where the local film jutate at , or something they probably wont see from the english movie. for example, Martial art, high creation or modern city stage setting. The second part to define crossover film is about production. firstly, it might involve western company to invest Hong Kong movie and re-packaging the film to be come suitable western marketing. even finanical support is key element as produce a crossover film. Some western film production company might already own their happend technology to create some imaginary panoramas. However, these are just the thoughts come from my research. I will be provide some evidences to validation these elements are relevant.2.4 Chapter summaryThis chapter has mainly introduced the theories and article which relevant in this research. It can give some desire to the reader about the crossover film. Also have the primitive(a) understanding about the marketing side and production side of the crossover film. In next chapter, I will discuss more about the elements which make the crossover film success.Chapter 3 The Crossover films3.1 Chapter introductionThe purpose of this chapter is to use three significant crossover films as the example. And then I will discuss the key elements which bring them to become sucessfull around the orbicular. The films I will be reduce on Kung Fu Hustle(2004), The film saved Hong Kong film industrial during the global economic crisis and the local film industrial decline. The second film I will look at is go Hour (1998), see how the western audiences expectation change from crossover film. Finlly, I will discuss how cross-movies in the western region of Hong Kongs success, alternatively than in Hong Kong by using Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon?3.2 Crossover to international Stephen cream puff? and Kung Fu Hustle?During the late 90s, hong kong movie industrial met a several crisis. The internet technology was developing extremely fast. People start sacramental manduction the movie over the internet, or even purchase the illegal movie DVD copies rather than go to the cinema . Some movie production studio find it difficult to maintain the movie production as the box office decline. However, Hong Kong actor Stephen chow seem to be saved this crisis for Hong Kong movie industrial.Hong Kongs population is 7,061,200. As a small population and economic decline region, Some Hong Kong movie studio find it hard to survive. Therefore, they can only rely on producing some low budget film to maintain the business. Nevertheless, the cinema of Hong Kong still find the way to survive from mainland China and international market. Kung Fu Hustle 2004 is a one of the great successful example. The film recieve highly positive result. Before Kung Fu Hustle, there are several film which co-production with Columbria studio. Howeve, these film have failed at the box office because they remain a little local flavour.The western audiences probably more familiar with one of the most popular actor in Hong Kong Stephen Chow. He created his own comedy style on acting called Mo lei tau? , this term can be referred to Silly talk?. During an interview with Stephen Chow for his 2006 Asian intrusion season, the BBCs film critic Jonathan Ross referred to the genre as Silly Talk, a label that Chow was happy to accept.? (Wikipedia. 2011. Mo lei tau), the interview also avalible on YouTube(Asian impact Episode 2 reference 2) . Stephen Chow produced the first film Shaolin Soccer? which break through the western market. However, the second film Kung Fu Hustle Stephen Chow became an international success. Columbia pictu res impressed by stephen previous film Shaolin Soccer and precious to provide finanical support to Stehpen. As a result, Stehpen came up the new idea on the film Kung Fu Hustle in 2004. Stephen Chow also is an actor himself, he started his acting career from a local television. In early 1990s, he began to making film with his Mo lei tau comedy style. But this kind of acting style only limited to cantonese speakers understanding. Therefore, Stephen tried not to endue too much Mo lei tau acting style in Kung Fu Hustle, and used the CGI and pop culture references instead. In addition, Stephen co production with Columbria studio and several film studio in mainland China.In my opinion, I think such as this kind of collaboration with western movie studio is quite benefit to Hong Kong film industrial. The reason is western movie studio has already built up a very mature technique on film production. Also, they developed some advance computer graphic during the editing part. This is a gre at improvement on visual effect for the Hong Kong film, so the CGI technology can perform the scene that insurmountable become possible. For example, Kung Fu Hustle? refer a lot of superhuman ability combine with martial art. During the interview with BBC, Stephen said this kind of technology did a great help for his film, but he insist to put CGI graphic as the assistant role for the film. I agree what Stephen give voices because it wont drift off the originality with martial art element. Also, the CGI effect just play a little role that make western audiences easier accept the film rather than produce the pigeonhole martial art movie. The western audiences probably have seen a lot different martial art film from the past. encouragemore, the Hollywood production system more focus on quality rather than quantity. Hollywood directors count themselves lucky to make a film every three yearsIn the late mid-nineties Andre Lau( Hong Kong director) was directing as many as 4 films per year.? (David B, P.117 2003). In such a condition, I think hong kong filmmaker can only produce some low budget film and lack of idea on creating some stunning story. Therefore, I reckon the collaboration between western film studio and Hong Kong film maker which is quite benefit to Hong Kong film to break through western market.Apart from big company support, Stephen Chow also wanted try some new element into the film such as put a several American pop culture in different scenes. These references including roadway Runner Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner? , and a dance scene which refer to Amercian musical West side story? and the abhorrence scene The Shinging?1908. When I look at some Hong Kong movie in the past, I think they cant become mainstream movie in western country because the film is more focus on local audiences taste. Only some of the popular martial art or action movie can be sell to western. Beside, the western audiences only understand because these film content inv olve simple plot such as bad character get mash up by the good character. It might be already label that Hong Kong movie represent martial art or kung fu in some sence. Therefore, I believe the way to make western audiences re-consider Hong Kong movie not just another martial art or action film could be consider to put some western pop culture. This is not only reduce the language boundry, but also bring up some new element to the film.3.3 ethnical cross-over movie? Rush Hour?Even Stephen Chows gain a hugh success from western market. There is still some movie fans not quite fancy foreign film. Especially the film is based on chinese language. gibe to producer Terence Chang A lot of Hong Kong films have things that I think American audiences cant accept.? D. Bordwell (P.19 ,2000) In 1998, Jackie Chan finally arrived to Hollywood. Chans Rush hour? series become at Rank 1 at the North American box-office with a weekend gross of $33 million in kinfolktember 1998 (figure on Appendix -1) Which is unexpected result for foreign film.I would say the Martial Art combine buddy movie opened the gate for crossover film. The movie applied the buddy film style like the hollywood film normally use. In Rush Hour, it is about a Chinese inspector and American detective. The character James Carter (Chris Tucker) keeps the American comedy element in the film, and Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) remain his action scenes throughout the movie. I think the audiences have never seen the buddy film like this before which bring a lot of new visual elements to them. However, Jackie Chan reveal on his official blog that he didnt really like the film and he felt very disappointed. Chan Said, I felt the style of action was too Americanized and I didnt understand the American humor.? Which I consider the film might suitable for western audiences rather than local audiences. In Rush Hour? series, there are a lot of jokes which based on minority racial stereotypes in American society. I think t hat makes the film easier to get accepted by majority white audiences. The two character portray totally different personality. Carter portray as a loud, speak with high pitch, impulsive, childish Black man who often causing trouble, Lee is a respectful Asian man who good at Kung Fu. According to King (2002) points out that reduce any threat created by the spectacle of a seemingly dominating Black character (p. 149).These features of both characters become kindly for the western audiences.In Bar fighting scene, Lee says Whats up my spade? to the bartender because Carter said that to the African customer. But Lee doesnt understand the word?Nigger? is a racist word to African. I think the director uses quite a lot this kind of jokes in the film to reflect the culture differences from society. In contrast with Jackie Chans earlier Hong Kong action movie. He represented as a masculinity and tough character most of the time. But in Rush Hour?, character Lee who always wanted help the FB I to solve the case. And the FBI try to use character Carter to send Lee away. Altough White constituent refer small role in this film. I think the director still want White character to portray as important position in the film.3.4 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon(Crouching Tiger was very well received in the Western world, however Crouching Tiger was widely dismissed as just another wuxia film among many others in asia.)Chapter 4 Research Methodology4.1 Chapter introductionThe purpose of the primary research provide the basic level of understanding for the researcher. I will use questionnaire during the primary research. The questionnaire will be conducted ten questions which show the western audiences interest on crossover film. The result will indicate the proximo trends for crossover film. This chapter will be described how the methodology adopt and analysis research question. Furthermore, this chapter is going to explain the research design, research location, sampling desig n and information collection process, survey instrument, and ethical issue.4.2 Research processesPrimary research SurveyQuestionnaire by Student/Internet usersCollect from Northampton/ linking the questionnaire on facebookAnalyze resultsIn primary research, it will be carry out a questionnaire research. According to Ticehurst, Gregory W (2000 P.135) defined a questionnaire survey is the way to collect information from exclusive by using a set of question. Therefore, I believe the first to do is focus on what type of information and responder are sounding for. wherefore start to think about an countenance questions for the research. The primary research will only take 10% part of this dissertation. The reason is I am hoping to get about medium size of response rate from that. Here is the brief descript type of questionnaire survey will be useType of questionnaire personify aloofness of questionnaireResponse rateStreet/University/InternetLowShortMedium4.3 Research LocationThe qu estionnaire survey is taken place from the three locations in Northampton which are the Abbeyfield school , Northampton town center and University of Northampton. The reason of chosen these place to research because it can save time to traveling different places which far way from Northampton. Further more, it can widely spread collecting the data over the internet.4.4 Survey Instrument DevelopmentThe questionnaire (Appendix). There are 3 parts of the questionnaire. The first part is about personal information such as age, gender. this is designed to collect the demographic data of the respondents. Then, the second part is about the respondents acquaintance on crossover film. That is to collect the information about how much respondent know about crossover film. Finally, the third part is about respondents interest on crossover film. And that is designed to what sieve element the respondent like so I can provide the recommendation for the proximo crossover film.4.5 Ethic Issue in ResearchThe protection for the respondents information is one of the most important thing in the research. In Doing your research project?, According to the Judith Bell (2005 51) the researcher can follow two things to maintain the respondents right when they carry out a research. 1.) make the participant innominate. 2.) Treat all the information as confidential file which from the respondent. However, My questionnaire is based on personal opinion rather than personal details. Therefore, I conjecture my research will not meet any ethical issue.Chapter 5 Conclusion5.1 The future for the crossover film5.2 ConclusionAppendixPart -1Rush HourDomestic Total Gross $141,186,864Distributor New LineRelease Date September 18, 1998Genre Action ComedyRuntime 1 hrs. 37 min.MPAA Rating PG-13Production Budget $33 million1998Date(click to view chart)RankWeekendGross%ChangeTheatersChange / Avg.Gross-to-DateWeekSep 18201$33,001,8032,638$12,510$33,001,8031Sep 25271$21,202,929-35.8%2,643+5$8,022$64,0 37,1382Oct 243$14,492,122-31.7%2,701+58$5,365$84,014,6633Oct 9112$11,105,465-23.4%2,701$4,111$98,382,8864Oct 16184$8,247,411-25.7%2,724+23$3,027$109,911,5905Oct 23256$5,860,347-28.9%2,602-122$2,252$117,284,9696Oct 30Nov 16$3,799,380-35.2%2,402-200$1,581$122,428,4467Nov 6810$3,322,424-12.6%2,043-359$1,626$127,044,8968Nov 131511$1,866,524-43.8%1,615-428$1,155$129,829,6739Sources from http//boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rushhour.htmPart -2I am a student from University of Northampton. I am going to conduct a survey about the Crossover film that made in Hong Kong. I would be grateful if you could shoemakers last this questionnaire. Your unspoilt view is taken with highly to appreciate. All the information in the questionnaire will be kept confidential for analysis only. Thank you very much.(Please get through the appropriate box)Gender Male FemaleAge 15 25 25 35 35 45 45 aboveDo you know any of these asian movie stars from below? Jackie Chan Bruce Lee Jet Li Stephen Chow An dy Lau Tony Leung Other ________________Have you ever watched any other films that has been made in Hong Kong? Yes No Not sure if the film is made in Hong Kong5. How often do you watch Hong Kong movies? Daily Weekly Monthly Occasionally6. Do you think Hong Kong movies representing martial arts? Yes No Not sureDo you understand what the story is about when you watch crossover films?If the film is using original Chinese language, just subtitles. (such as these films for example)Shaolin soccer, kung fu hustle, Internal affairs, In the mood for loveYes No8. Do you prefer to see the actor you familiar with from Hong Kong movie?Yes NoWhat sort of things do you expect to see when you watch a Hong Kong movie?Kung Fu fighting Action movie starLocal culture ComedyWould you recommend friends to watch film that made in Hong Kong?Yes NoSuccess of the Kong Hong Crossover FilmSuccess of the Kong Hong Crossover FilmChapter 1 IntroductionPrefaceThe purpose for this dissertation is to discove r what is crossover film and what makes the crossover film a success. The cinema of Hong Kong has consider as the pioneer of chinese language movie. Especially between the 1970s 1990s, most of movie fans will be familiar with names like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, John Wu from Hong Kong cinema. The reason why these movie star become so popular because they produce a lot of martial art film during that time. And then these martial art film brought to the western audiences. In fact, A lot of english speaking country or european start to aware of asian movie in that time. However, the English audiences might consider these martial art film as the crossover film. The English audiences think these martial art film as the crossover probably because these martial art film come with simple plot. The story are quite easy to understand for them such as the good and evil character. So the audienes are not nessesary to understand what the character speaking. Therefore, there is no language boundar y when the english audiences watch it. In my research, these martial arts films in the past does not count as the crossover film. I would say the crossover film is relate to several elements which is culture references, co-production, company investment, audiences expectation, marketing, etc.Research backgroundBack to Hong Kong cinema, The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the major movie industry in the Chinese language speaking cinema. Before 1997, Hong Kong was a colony of Britain and therefore Hong Kong had a greater freedom on economic and political than mainland China. Even in film industry, The censorship system in Mainland China have a very strHYPERLINK http//cdict.net/q/straightict rule. Hong Kong filmmakers either steered away from criticzing China or did so in oblique ways (Clara Laws Farewell China,1989. P.127 Bordwell, 2000). Therefore, the Hong Kong film maker can barely sell their film or have to re-produce another verison to adapt the market in China. On the other hand, the America or other Euro country censorship syetem are vary widely than China. And a lot of Hong Kong film producers try to sell their films to some western country. But I think it was not that easy for the very beginning because the western audiences probably havent seen any kind of asian movie before. European and North American audiences have never been particularly interested in Asian cinema, Apart from the occasional exotic import and anime.? (D. Bordwell, 2003, P. 83)During the 1970s, the matrial art /Ku fung film become one of the major theme in Hong Kong. Golden Harvest was the top studio, signing up Jackie Chan, the kung fu comedy actor-filmmaker who would spend the next twenty years as Asias biggest box office draw? (Chan and Yang, 1998, P.164165 Bordwell, 2000). However, during the 1990s. there was a industry crisis because of the Asian financial crisis and also the illegal copy and download over the internet. However, there was a few local film receive a huge success e ven it was a hard time for film industry by that period. Those are the film that I am going to cover in my research.Chapter 2 What is crossover film?2.1 Chapter introductionIn this chapter, I will be discuss how we define crossover film especially the film made in Hong Kong. Also, Hong Kong produced a lot of martial art or action movie during the late 1980s and early 1900s. And Thats probably relate to the politcal and society problem. It might be represent the identity of Hong Kong movie as the martial art film from the english audiences. And I want to find out why they have this thought. Apart from these martial art film, do they know other films that made in Hong Kong?2.2 Hong Kong movie = Ku fung ?The Martial art movie can be chase back to 1930s originally. And the Chinese people called it Wuxia? film, the term Wuxia? is based on some fictional Chinese novel and always use of the old chinese dynasty as the background. The features of these Wuxia? characters always appear with sw ord as the weapon and come with superpower. The Wuxia? film probably the most popular genre in the early cinema of Mainland China. I think the Chinese audiences need this kind of topic in the cinema such as heroic and myth after the post-war period. However, the chinese government strongly disapprove Wuxia? film in China as the subject matter is over superstition and violence. And some Hong Kong movie producer try to bring action movie to Hong Kong audiences in the late 1930s. The reason is Hong Kong had a superior level of freedom as the social culture and economy development during the colony era. That was the competitive advantage for Hong Kong could produce some action film but Mainland China. In the British colony of Hong Kong, which had since 1950s transformed itself from an entreport to an industial city, the 1960s was also a period of rapid economic growth and social turmoil? (Po Shek fu and David Desser, P.71 Cambridge university press, 2000). Therefore, I believe the marti al arts movie has became popular start by the late 1960s. The Martial arts movies still feature Wuxia? style in the early Hong Kong cinema. However, there was some significant change in the Hong Kong cinema during the 1970s. I think the first time to allow western audiences to get to know about Hong Kong movies is the master of martial arts Bruce Lee return to Hong Kong cinema. Bruce Lees career achievement as well as cultural aspects of the film have an influence, he not only open the gate for the Chinese to first enter Hollywood, but also created his own philosophy on martial arts Jeet Kune Do. And make Action movies become one of the mainstream genres in Hong Kong. The early co-production with hollywood (Warner Bros) and Hong Kong (Golden Harvest) was Enter the Dragon? in 1973. It was also the first time Hong Kong attempt to break into western audiences market. The film combined the traditional Kung fu and James bond action style genres. It wasnt really successful for the first breakthrough with western audiences because Lee dead in 1973. And then the action movie production seem to be lay low for while. This situation change until Golden Harvest studio sign up Jackie Chan as the action movie star.Jackie Chan as early as 1982 when it began to break into the Hollywood market, but he does not run smoothly into the international road. His first foray into the international market film called Cannonball Run. Unfortunately at the box office failure, And then after many years later Jackie took the first Hollywood movie Rush Hour which made him become popular in Hollywood. During the 70s early 90s, Hong Kong exported a lot of local movie to western country. In my opinon, I think the western audiences probably consider the early Hong Kong action movie as the crossover film. But I think these action movies just the films that made in Hong Kong. Therefore, I m going to look for the real definition for crossover film in next paragraph.2.3 The definition of crossover filmIn fact, I cant find any book that mention about the term crossover film? during my research. However, I found some other sourse over the internet to explain what is crossover film. Also I will use my own understanding to outline the definition of crossover film through the research. When I start typing the word crossover film? on google search engine. I found this web blogger called Pardesi over the internet and talk about what he/she thinks about crossover film. This blogger Pardesi make a compare between two successful crossover films which is Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon and Slumdog Millionaire in the blog entry. Pardesi suggest that the definition of crossover film Such films go beyond the traditional markets in the home country, or already exploited by films from the country, and usually end up making a lot of money.? Pardesi, (2010). In my opinion, I think Pardesi only suggest crossover film more concern by marketing way. However, I believe crossover film can be relate m any different elements apart from marketing. Firstly, I think it can separate into two parts which is the crossover film itself and the production. The crossover film itself can develop to culture, actor, and audiences expectation, and narrative structure. And the production element can define as company investment, finanical, special effect, and film location or studio. I think culture represent a lot within the crossover film because it can show some of the local element to western audiences. Also, it probably involve different actor from different coutry or speak different language. And the most important one is audiences expectation, the western audiences might expect to see something where the local film specialize at , or something they probably wont see from the english movie. for example, Martial art, high population or modern city scene. The second part to define crossover film is about production. firstly, it might involve western company to invest Hong Kong movie and re-p ackaging the film to be come suitable western marketing. Even finanical support is key element as produce a crossover film. Some western film production company might already own their advanced technology to create some imaginary scenes. However, these are just the thoughts come from my research. I will be provide some evidences to proof these elements are relevant.2.4 Chapter summaryThis chapter has mainly introduced the theories and article which relevant in this research. It can give some idea to the reader about the crossover film. Also have the primary understanding about the marketing side and production side of the crossover film. In next chapter, I will discuss more about the elements which make the crossover film success.Chapter 3 The Crossover films3.1 Chapter introductionThe purpose of this chapter is to use three significant crossover films as the example. And then I will discuss the key elements which bring them to become sucessfull around the global. The films I will b e focus on Kung Fu Hustle(2004), The film saved Hong Kong film industrial during the global economic crisis and the local film industrial decline. The second film I will look at is Rush Hour (1998), see how the western audiences expectation change from crossover film. Finlly, I will discuss how cross-movies in the western region of Hong Kongs success, rather than in Hong Kong by using Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon?3.2 Crossover to international Stephen Chow? and Kung Fu Hustle?During the late 90s, hong kong movie industrial met a several crisis. The internet technology was developing extremely fast. People start sharing the movie over the internet, or even purchase the illegal movie DVD copies rather than go to the cinema . Some movie production studio find it difficult to maintain the movie production as the box office decline. However, Hong Kong actor Stephen chow seem to be saved this crisis for Hong Kong movie industrial.Hong Kongs population is 7,061,200. As a small populati on and economic decline region, Some Hong Kong movie studio find it hard to survive. Therefore, they can only rely on producing some low budget film to maintain the business. Nevertheless, the cinema of Hong Kong still find the way to survive from mainland China and international market. Kung Fu Hustle 2004 is a one of the great successful example. The film recieve highly positive result. Before Kung Fu Hustle, there are several film which co-production with Columbria studio. Howeve, these film have failed at the box office because they remain a little local flavour.The western audiences probably more familiar with one of the most popular actor in Hong Kong Stephen Chow. He created his own comedy style on acting called Mo lei tau? , this term can be referred to Silly talk?. During an interview with Stephen Chow for his 2006 Asian Invasion season, the BBCs film critic Jonathan Ross referred to the genre as Silly Talk, a label that Chow was happy to accept.? (Wikipedia. 2011. Mo lei t au), the interview also avalible on YouTube(Asian Invasion Episode 2 Part 2) . Stephen Chow produced the first film Shaolin Soccer? which break through the western market. However, the second film Kung Fu Hustle Stephen Chow became an international success. Columbia pictures impressed by stephen previous film Shaolin Soccer and wanted to provide finanical support to Stehpen. As a result, Stehpen came up the new idea on the film Kung Fu Hustle in 2004. Stephen Chow also is an actor himself, he started his acting career from a local television. In early 1990s, he began to making film with his Mo lei tau comedy style. But this kind of acting style only limited to cantonese speakers understanding. Therefore, Stephen tried not to put too much Mo lei tau acting style in Kung Fu Hustle, and used the CGI and pop culture references instead. In addition, Stephen co production with Columbria studio and several film studio in mainland China.In my opinion, I think such as this kind of collabor ation with western movie studio is quite benefit to Hong Kong film industrial. The reason is western movie studio has already built up a very mature technique on film production. Also, they developed some advance computer graphic during the editing part. This is a great improvement on visual effect for the Hong Kong film, so the CGI technology can perform the scene that impossible become possible. For example, Kung Fu Hustle? refer a lot of superhuman ability combine with martial art. During the interview with BBC, Stephen said this kind of technology did a great help for his film, but he insist to put CGI graphic as the assistant role for the film. I agree what Stephen says because it wont lose the originality with martial art element. Also, the CGI effect just play a little role that make western audiences easier accept the film rather than produce the stereotype martial art movie. The western audiences probably have seen a lot different martial art film from the past. Furthermore , the Hollywood production system more focus on quality rather than quantity. Hollywood directors count themselves lucky to make a film every three yearsIn the late 1990s Andre Lau( Hong Kong director) was directing as many as 4 films per year.? (David B, P.117 2003). In such a condition, I think hong kong filmmaker can only produce some low budget film and lack of idea on creating some stunning story. Therefore, I reckon the collaboration between western film studio and Hong Kong film maker which is quite benefit to Hong Kong film to break through western market.Apart from big company support, Stephen Chow also wanted try some new element into the film such as put a several American pop culture in different scenes. These references including Road Runner Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner? , and a dance scene which refer to Amercian musical West side story? and the horror scene The Shinging?1908. When I look at some Hong Kong movie in the past, I think they cant become mainstream movie in western country because the film is more focus on local audiences taste. Only some of the popular martial art or action movie can be sell to western. Beside, the western audiences only understand because these film content involve simple plot such as bad character get beat up by the good character. It might be already label that Hong Kong movie represent martial art or kung fu in some sence. Therefore, I believe the way to make western audiences re-consider Hong Kong movie not just another martial art or action film could be consider to put some western pop culture. This is not only reduce the language boundry, but also bring up some new element to the film.3.3 Cultural cross-over movie? Rush Hour?Even Stephen Chows gain a hugh success from western market. There is still some movie fans not quite fancy foreign film. Especially the film is based on chinese language. According to producer Terence Chang A lot of Hong Kong films have things that I think American audiences cant accept .? D. Bordwell (P.19 ,2000) In 1998, Jackie Chan finally arrived to Hollywood. Chans Rush hour? series become at Rank 1 at the North American box-office with a weekend gross of $33 million in September 1998 (figure on Appendix -1) Which is unexpected result for foreign film.I would say the Martial Art combine buddy movie opened the gate for crossover film. The movie applied the buddy film style like the hollywood film normally use. In Rush Hour, it is about a Chinese inspector and American detective. The character James Carter (Chris Tucker) keeps the American comedy element in the film, and Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) remain his action scenes throughout the movie. I think the audiences have never seen the buddy film like this before which bring a lot of new visual elements to them. However, Jackie Chan reveal on his official blog that he didnt really like the film and he felt very disappointed. Chan Said, I felt the style of action was too Americanized and I didnt understand the Am erican humor.? Which I consider the film might suitable for western audiences rather than local audiences. In Rush Hour? series, there are a lot of jokes which based on minority racial stereotypes in American society. I think that makes the film easier to get accepted by majority white audiences. The two character portray totally different personality. Carter portray as a loud, speak with high pitch, impulsive, childish Black man who often causing trouble, Lee is a respectful Asian man who good at Kung Fu. According to King (2002) points out that reduce any threat created by the spectacle of a seemingly dominating Black character (p. 149).These features of both characters become likeable for the western audiences.In Bar fighting scene, Lee says Whats up my Nigger? to the bartender because Carter said that to the African customer. But Lee doesnt understand the word?Nigger? is a racist word to African. I think the director uses quite a lot this kind of jokes in the film to reflect the culture differences from society. In contrast with Jackie Chans earlier Hong Kong action movie. He represented as a masculinity and tough character most of the time. But in Rush Hour?, character Lee who always wanted help the FBI to solve the case. And the FBI try to use character Carter to send Lee away. Altough White Character involved small role in this film. I think the director still want White character to portray as important position in the film.3.4 Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon(Crouching Tiger was very well received in the Western world, however Crouching Tiger was widely dismissed as just another wuxia film among many others in asia.)Chapter 4 Research Methodology4.1 Chapter introductionThe purpose of the primary research provide the basic level of understanding for the researcher. I will use questionnaire during the primary research. The questionnaire will be conducted ten questions which indicate the western audiences interest on crossover film. The result will indicat e the future trends for crossover film. This chapter will be described how the methodology adopt and analysis research question. Furthermore, this chapter is going to explain the research design, research location, sampling design and data collection process, survey instrument, and ethical issue.4.2 Research processesPrimary research SurveyQuestionnaire by Student/Internet usersCollect from Northampton/ linking the questionnaire on facebookAnalyze resultsIn primary research, it will be carry out a questionnaire research. According to Ticehurst, Gregory W (2000 P.135) defined a questionnaire survey is the way to collect information from individual by using a set of question. Therefore, I believe the first to do is focus on what type of information and respondent are looking for. Then start to think about an appropriate questions for the research. The primary research will only take 10% part of this dissertation. The reason is I am hoping to get about medium size of response rate from that. Here is the brief descript type of questionnaire survey will be useType of questionnaireCostLength of questionnaireResponse rateStreet/University/InternetLowShortMedium4.3 Research LocationThe questionnaire survey is taken place from the three locations in Northampton which are the Abbeyfield school , Northampton town center and University of Northampton. The reason of chosen these place to research because it can save time to traveling different places which far way from Northampton. Further more, it can widely spread collecting the data over the internet.4.4 Survey Instrument DevelopmentThe questionnaire (Appendix). There are 3 parts of the questionnaire. The first part is about personal information such as age, gender. this is designed to collect the demographic data of the respondents. Then, the second part is about the respondents knowledge on crossover film. That is to collect the information about how much respondent know about crossover film. Finally, the third part i s about respondents interest on crossover film. And that is designed to what sort element the respondent like so I can provide the recommendation for the future crossover film.4.5 Ethic Issue in ResearchThe protection for the respondents information is one of the most important thing in the research. In Doing your research project?, According to the Judith Bell (2005 51) the researcher can follow two things to maintain the respondents right when they carry out a research. 1.) Keep the participant innominate. 2.) Treat all the information as confidential file which from the respondent. However, My questionnaire is based on personal opinion rather than personal details. Therefore, I suppose my research will not meet any ethical issue.Chapter 5 Conclusion5.1 The future for the crossover film5.2 ConclusionAppendixPart -1Rush HourDomestic Total Gross $141,186,864Distributor New LineRelease Date September 18, 1998Genre Action ComedyRuntime 1 hrs. 37 min.MPAA Rating PG-13Production Budget $33 million1998Date(click to view chart)RankWeekendGross%ChangeTheatersChange / Avg.Gross-to-DateWeekSep 18201$33,001,8032,638$12,510$33,001,8031Sep 25271$21,202,929-35.8%2,643+5$8,022$64,037,1382Oct 243$14,492,122-31.7%2,701+58$5,365$84,014,6633Oct 9112$11,105,465-23.4%2,701$4,111$98,382,8864Oct 16184$8,247,411-25.7%2,724+23$3,027$109,911,5905Oct 23256$5,860,347-28.9%2,602-122$2,252$117,284,9696Oct 30Nov 16$3,799,380-35.2%2,402-200$1,581$122,428,4467Nov 6810$3,322,424-12.6%2,043-359$1,626$127,044,8968Nov 131511$1,866,524-43.8%1,615-428$1,155$129,829,6739Sources from http//boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rushhour.htmPart -2I am a student from University of Northampton. I am going to conduct a survey about the Crossover film that made in Hong Kong. I would be grateful if you could finish this questionnaire. Your honest view is taken with highly to appreciate. All the information in the questionnaire will be kept confidential for analysis only. Thank you very much.(Please tick the approp riate box)Gender Male FemaleAge 15 25 25 35 35 45 45 aboveDo you know any of these asian movie stars from below? Jackie Chan Bruce Lee Jet Li Stephen Chow Andy Lau Tony Leung Other ________________Have you ever watched any other films that has been made in Hong Kong? Yes No Not sure if the film is made in Hong Kong5. How often do you watch Hong Kong movies? Daily Weekly Monthly Occasionally6. Do you think Hong Kong movies representing martial arts? Yes No Not sureDo you understand what the story is about when you watch crossover films?If the film is using original Chinese language, just subtitles. (such as these films for example)Shaolin soccer, kung fu hustle, Internal affairs, In the mood for loveYes No8. Do you prefer to see the actor you familiar with from Hong Kong movie?Yes NoWhat sort of things do you expect to see when you watch a Hong Kong movie?Kung Fu fighting Action movie starLocal culture ComedyWould you recommend friends to watch film that made in Hon g Kong?Yes No